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Discover Trends in AI

We surface rapidly growing trends in AI before they take off.

AI Agentic

720 vol/mo
9999%+
(5y)
918%
(1y)
26%
(3mo)

Agentic AI refers to autonomous or semi autonomous AI systems capable of acting on behalf of humans to perform complex tasks, including p...

Tempus AI

27,100 vol/mo
9999%+
(5y)
49%
(1y)
6%
(3mo)

Tempus AI is a healthcare technology company building AI powered platforms to analyze clinical and molecular data for personalized cancer...

Livekit

8,100 vol/mo
9999%+
(5y)
418%
(1y)
36%
(3mo)

LiveKit is an open source, self hosted WebRTC platform that enables developers to build scalable real time audio, video, and data streami...

NoteGPT

40,500 vol/mo
9999%+
(5y)
280%
(1y)
26%
(3mo)

NoteGPT is an AI assisted note taking and summarization platform that converts lectures, meetings, videos, PDFs, and other content into s...

Suno AI

201,000 vol/mo
9999%+
(5y)
68%
(1y)
6%
(3mo)

Suno AI is a time AI music generation platform that creates songs from text prompts, with ongoing industry involvement and legal discussi...

9999%+
(5y)
3604%
(1y)
22%
(3mo)

AI for Restaurants describes the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning to restaurant operations, including menu opt...

AnythingLLM

6,600 vol/mo
9999%+
(5y)
219%
(1y)
72%
(3mo)

AnythingLLM is a, open source/enterprise friendly desktop and on device AI application that enables private, document centric AI workstre...

LLM App

210 vol/mo
9999%+
(5y)
1144%
(1y)
69%
(3mo)

LLM Apps refer to software applications powered by large language models designed to perform tasks such as content generation, code writi...

Diagnostic AI

390 vol/mo
9999%+
(5y)
1542%
(1y)
42%
(3mo)

Diagnostic AI refers to artificial intelligence systems that analyze biomedical data (imaging, pathology slides, genomics, electronic hea...

Vidnoz AI

12,100 vol/mo
9999%+
(5y)
126%
(1y)
-9%
(3mo)

Vidnoz AI is a company offering AI powered video creation, editing, and analytics tools designed to automate video production and enhance...

Cursor AI

135,000 vol/mo
9999%+
(5y)
233%
(1y)
39%
(3mo)

Cursor AI is an AI powered code editor and developer toolset by Anysphere that embeds AI capabilities directly into the coding environmen...

Private LLM

880 vol/mo
9999%+
(5y)
1417%
(1y)
66%
(3mo)

Private LLMs refer to large language models deployed in private, often on premise or private cloud environments, prioritizing data privac...

Squirrel AI

880 vol/mo
9999%+
(5y)
199%
(1y)
19%
(3mo)

Squirrel AI is a Chinese edtech company specializing in AI powered adaptive learning and personalized education.

Retell AI

14,800 vol/mo
9999%+
(5y)
836%
(1y)
57%
(3mo)

Retell AI is a time voice AI platform that builds and operates human like AI voice agents for inbound and outbound phone calls, enabling ...

Contextual AI

3,600 vol/mo
9999%+
(5y)
1201%
(1y)
-71%
(3mo)

Contextual AI refers to artificial intelligence systems that understand and interpret context from user interactions, environment, and pr...

Relevance AI

8,100 vol/mo
9999%+
(5y)
499%
(1y)
36%
(3mo)

Relevance AI refers to the use of artificial intelligence to optimize the relevance of information retrieval, recommendations, and conten...

AI for Investors

8,100 vol/mo
9999%+
(5y)
1645%
(1y)
24%
(3mo)

AI for Investors is a and established trend where artificial intelligence enables investing professionals and individual investors to ana...

Nomi AI

22,200 vol/mo
9999%+
(5y)
70%
(1y)
20%
(3mo)

Nomi AI refers to AI enabled assistants/companions and sales copilots branded under the name Nomi across several startups and products, i...

Multimodal AI

3,600 vol/mo
9999%+
(5y)
441%
(1y)
78%
(3mo)

Multimodal AI refers to systems that integrate multiple data modalities (such as text, images, audio, and video) to understand and genera...

Instantly AI

8,100 vol/mo
9999%+
(5y)
277%
(1y)
18%
(3mo)

Instantly AI is a AI powered outbound outreach platform known for inbox warmup, multi inbox campaign management, and AI assisted messagin...

Causal AI

880 vol/mo
9999%+
(5y)
869%
(1y)
82%
(3mo)

Causal AI refers to AI systems that learn, infer, and reason about cause and effect relationships, enabling more robust predictions, expl...

Abacus AI

18,100 vol/mo
9999%+
(5y)
339%
(1y)
-1%
(3mo)

Abacus AI is a AI platform known for enabling organizations to build and deploy production grade AI applications with capabilities around...

AI Agents

60,500 vol/mo
9999%+
(5y)
671%
(1y)
80%
(3mo)

AI Agents refer to autonomous, decision making software entities capable of performing tasks, making decisions, and interacting with huma...

LLM Agent

1,900 vol/mo
9999%+
(5y)
391%
(1y)
138%
(3mo)

LLM Agent refers to systems where a language model acts as an autonomous agent that can plan, decide, and act to achieve user defined goa...

GirlfriendGPT

40,500 vol/mo
9999%+
(5y)
41%
(1y)
-4%
(3mo)

GirlfriendGPT is a phenomenon where AI powered chatbots are tailored to simulate romantic companionship, using large language models to d...

Actively AI

2,400 vol/mo
9999%+
(5y)
340%
(1y)
53%
(3mo)

Actively AI is a company that offers GTM (go to market) superintelligence by training custom, per account AI agents to automate and optim...

Robust AI

880 vol/mo
9999%+
(5y)
553%
(1y)
35%
(3mo)

Robust AI refers to the development of artificial intelligence systems that are reliable, safe, interpretable, ethically aligned, and res...

9999%+
(5y)
1274%
(1y)
5%
(3mo)

AI Product Design refers to applying artificial intelligence and AI assisted tools across the product design lifecycle, including ideatio...

MagicSchool AI

368,000 vol/mo
9999%+
(5y)
36%
(1y)
-16%
(3mo)

MagicSchool AI is an education focused generative AI platform that provides district aligned AI tools for teachers and students, includin...

9999%+
(5y)
1296%
(1y)
-43%
(3mo)

AI Sentiment Analysis is the use of artificial intelligence to automatically determine the emotional tone behind text data from sources s...

9999%+
(5y)
931%
(1y)
35%
(3mo)

Deepfake Detection refers to the tools, methods, and workflows used to identify synthetic or manipulated media, particularly video and au...

Embodied AI

1,900 vol/mo
9972%
(5y)
1166%
(1y)
109%
(3mo)

Embodied AI refers to artificial intelligence systems integrated into physical agents, such as robots or humanoid platforms, capable of p...

Dopple AI

49,500 vol/mo
9731%
(5y)
-23%
(1y)
-14%
(3mo)

Dopple AI is an AI powered platform that enables creation and hosting of conversational agents or 'character' chatbots, historically used...

AI Governance

3,600 vol/mo
9081%
(5y)
1528%
(1y)
10%
(3mo)

AI Governance refers to the frameworks, policies, and controls designed to ensure responsible, ethical, transparent, and auditable use of...

Kindroid AI

12,100 vol/mo
8916%
(5y)
61%
(1y)
18%
(3mo)

Kindroid AI is a personal AI companion platform that lets users create and interact with customizable AI friends equipped with memory, vo...

AIApply

8,100 vol/mo
8915%
(5y)
354%
(1y)
36%
(3mo)

AIApply refers to the growing deployment of AI powered tools that automate and optimize the job application process, including resume gen...

Iflytek

3,600 vol/mo
8484%
(5y)
744%
(1y)
48%
(3mo)

Iflytek is a leading Chinese AI and speech technology company known for voice recognition, natural language processing, and educational A...

Reflection AI

6,600 vol/mo
7589%
(5y)
460%
(1y)
20%
(3mo)

Reflection AI is a AI industry topic centered on autonomous, self reflective AI systems and open or sovereign AI models. It encompasses s...

Agent AI

60,500 vol/mo
7360%
(5y)
653%
(1y)
104%
(3mo)

Agent AI are autonomous or semi autonomous artificial intelligence systems that perform tasks, make decisions, and interact with users wi...

Taylor AI

210 vol/mo
7066%
(5y)
99%
(1y)
9%
(3mo)

Taylor AI is an AI infrastructure and platform company focused on building and deploying AI tools and data pipelines for enterprise and g...

AI Agent

60,500 vol/mo
6908%
(5y)
647%
(1y)
104%
(3mo)

Arcane AI

170 vol/mo
6645%
(5y)
100%
(1y)
43%
(3mo)

Arcane AI refers to multiple real entities and initiatives centered on AI powered platforms, tools, and services across gaming, storytell...

Surge AI

9,900 vol/mo
6484%
(5y)
860%
(1y)
74%
(3mo)

Surge AI is a data labeling and data infrastructure company focused on expert human labeling and RLHF data preparation for frontier AI mo...

Sierra AI

12,100 vol/mo
6431%
(5y)
485%
(1y)
39%
(3mo)

Sierra AI is a enterprise AI startup focused on building branded autonomous AI agents for customer service and other enterprise tasks. It...

Wise AI

170 vol/mo
6158%
(5y)
845%
(1y)
23%
(3mo)

Wise AI refers to several real world entities and concepts centered on intelligent or 'wise' AI systems, including AI agents, secure AI p...

Fiber AI

390 vol/mo
5819%
(5y)
1449%
(1y)
62%
(3mo)

Fiber AI is a, YC backed startup specializing in AI powered marketing automation and data APIs for enterprises, leveraging AI to optimize...

AI Pilots

2,400 vol/mo
5724%
(5y)
754%
(1y)
54%
(3mo)

AI Pilots refer to AI copilots embedded in software and platforms that assist users by automating tasks, generating content, coding, and ...

Langsmith

12,100 vol/mo
5722%
(5y)
205%
(1y)
49%
(3mo)

Langsmith is a product by LangChain that provides observability, testing, and debugging tooling for language model applications, enabling...

Claude AI

1,220,000 vol/mo
5720%
(5y)
275%
(1y)
183%
(3mo)

Claude AI is a conversational AI assistant developed by Anthropic, positioned as a competitor to other large language models like OpenAI'...

AI Regulations

4,400 vol/mo
5520%
(5y)
894%
(1y)
32%
(3mo)

AI regulations refer to formal governance frameworks, laws, and standards designed to manage the development, deployment, and impact of a...

Celestial AI

5,400 vol/mo
5368%
(5y)
457%
(1y)
-3%
(3mo)

Celestial AI is a company originally building photonic electronic AI interconnect and accelerator hardware; it has progressed through mul...

Bunch AI

50 vol/mo
5320%
(5y)
327%
(1y)
42%
(3mo)

Bunch AI is an AI powered leadership coaching platform that delivers micro coaching, personalized tips, and community based learning to h...

Dimensions AI

590 vol/mo
5226%
(5y)
1546%
(1y)
43%
(3mo)

Dimensions AI is a research analytics and discovery platform that leverages artificial intelligence to help researchers find, analyze, an...

Encounter AI

70 vol/mo
5000%
(5y)
500%
(1y)
85%
(3mo)

Encounter AI is a AI driven platform focused on automating customer encounters, particularly in restaurant and retail contexts, with a vo...

Prezi AI

2,400 vol/mo
4742%
(5y)
157%
(1y)
-11%
(3mo)

Prezi AI is the integration of artificial intelligence features into the Prezi presentation platform, enabling AI generated slide content...

AI Tablet

880 vol/mo
4727%
(5y)
932%
(1y)
12%
(3mo)

AI Tablet is a and emerging trend focusing on tablets enhanced with artificial intelligence features for productivity, creativity, access...

Peak AI

590 vol/mo
4727%
(5y)
1168%
(1y)
71%
(3mo)

Peak AI is a world term used across multiple AI products, services, and news references, often highlighting peak performance, adoption, o...

Latent AI

880 vol/mo
4591%
(5y)
619%
(1y)
100%
(3mo)

Latent AI refers to the deployment and optimization of AI models using latent spaces and latent representations, enabling edge inference,...

Vue AI

260 vol/mo
4405%
(5y)
1207%
(1y)
71%
(3mo)

Vue AI refers to Vue.ai, an enterprise AI platform that offers an AI driven experience management suite for retail and commerce, enabling...

EliseAI

9,900 vol/mo
4392%
(5y)
256%
(1y)
17%
(3mo)

EliseAI is an enterprise AI software company focused on automating communications and operations for housing and healthcare sectors, leve...

Relational AI

880 vol/mo
3978%
(5y)
789%
(1y)
41%
(3mo)

Relational AI is a concept and market focus centered on AI systems that reason over structured relationships in data, leveraging graph li...

Seek AI

1,000 vol/mo
3961%
(5y)
137%
(1y)
61%
(3mo)

Seek AI is a company offering a data focused generative AI platform that helps teams discover insights from large datasets and accelerate...

Flex AI

1,000 vol/mo
3945%
(5y)
507%
(1y)
35%
(3mo)

Flex AI refers to AI infrastructure platforms and orchestration tools designed to dynamically manage and optimize heterogeneous accelerat...

Construction AI

2,400 vol/mo
3913%
(5y)
1058%
(1y)
45%
(3mo)

Construction AI refers to the use of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and computer vision to optimize planning, safety, quality...

Video Summarizer

14,800 vol/mo
3798%
(5y)
-10%
(1y)
-15%
(3mo)

Video Summarizer is a technology category and product niche focused on generating concise, digestible briefs from longer video content us...

Clarity AI

1,600 vol/mo
3680%
(5y)
531%
(1y)
49%
(3mo)

Clarity AI is an ESG analytics and data platform that leverages AI to provide ESG risk scoring, impact analytics, and sustainability inte...

AI Glasses

60,500 vol/mo
3601%
(5y)
492%
(1y)
4%
(3mo)

AI Glasses are wearable eyewear integrated with artificial intelligence to provide real time information, augmented reality overlays, and...

3571%
(5y)
642%
(1y)
20%
(3mo)

AI Security Cameras are smart surveillance devices that leverage artificial intelligence for features like motion detection, facial recog...

AI Solutions

3,600 vol/mo
3547%
(5y)
1038%
(1y)
-21%
(3mo)

AI Solutions refers to the growing market of configurable, deployable artificial intelligence capabilities and platforms that enable orga...

Enterprise AI

2,900 vol/mo
3497%
(5y)
1342%
(1y)
27%
(3mo)

Enterprise AI refers to the adoption and integration of artificial intelligence technologies within large organizations to automate proce...

AI Headphones

880 vol/mo
3471%
(5y)
525%
(1y)
-14%
(3mo)

AI Headphones represent headphones that integrate artificial intelligence to enhance sound quality, user experience, adaptive noise cance...

3470%
(5y)
244%
(1y)
81%
(3mo)

Mixture of Experts is a scalable neural network architecture that partitions model capacity across a collection of expert submodels, rout...

Briefly AI

260 vol/mo
3463%
(5y)
212%
(1y)
-8%
(3mo)

Briefly AI is a family of AI powered summarization and note taking tools designed to condense long content (web articles, meetings, email...

AI Mapping

880 vol/mo
3332%
(5y)
1028%
(1y)
29%
(3mo)

AI Mapping refers to the use of artificial intelligence to create, enhance, and interpret geographic, architectural, or spatial maps and ...

Arcade AI

1,900 vol/mo
3326%
(5y)
427%
(1y)
47%
(3mo)

Arcade AI refers to a class of AI powered agents and platforms designed to act autonomously or cooperatively across real world tools and ...

Mint AI

260 vol/mo
3304%
(5y)
877%
(1y)
42%
(3mo)

Mint AI is an AI powered advertising and data platform that uses autonomous AI agents to automate, optimize, and orchestrate media planni...

Private AI

1,600 vol/mo
3303%
(5y)
1041%
(1y)
40%
(3mo)

Private AI refers to the development and deployment of artificial intelligence systems that prioritize data privacy and security, employi...

Perplexity AI

450,000 vol/mo
3231%
(5y)
298%
(1y)
-8%
(3mo)

Perplexity AI is a AI powered search assistant and conversational search platform that leverages natural language processing to provide c...

Warp AI

2,400 vol/mo
3228%
(5y)
783%
(1y)
28%
(3mo)

Warp AI is the AI assisted terminal and development environment developed by Warp (warp.dev), integrating large language model capabiliti...

AI Fridge

590 vol/mo
3162%
(5y)
542%
(1y)
31%
(3mo)

AI Fridge refers to smart, AI enabled refrigerators that use machine learning and connected sensors to manage food inventory, optimize en...

Glean AI

9,900 vol/mo
3097%
(5y)
148%
(1y)
82%
(3mo)

Glean AI is a enterprise search and knowledge management platform that uses AI to surface relevant information across an organization’s...

Eden AI

2,900 vol/mo
3087%
(5y)
185%
(1y)
54%
(3mo)

Eden AI is a platform that aggregates and orchestrates AI APIs from multiple providers, enabling developers to access various AI services...

3083%
(5y)
505%
(1y)
4%
(3mo)

AI as a Service (AIaaS) is the delivery of artificial intelligence capabilities via cloud based platforms, APIs, and managed services, en...

AI SaaS

590 vol/mo
3072%
(5y)
1243%
(1y)
32%
(3mo)

AI SaaS refers to software as a service platforms that embed artificial intelligence to automate, augment, and personalize business proce...

Semantic AI

480 vol/mo
3030%
(5y)
553%
(1y)
73%
(3mo)

Semantic AI is the approach of building and applying AI systems that reason with structured meaning, ontologies, knowledge graphs, and hu...

AI Headset

210 vol/mo
3003%
(5y)
635%
(1y)
7%
(3mo)

AI Headset refers to head mounted devices that integrate artificial intelligence capabilities to enhance sensing, interaction, and produc...

Narrow AI

1,900 vol/mo
2902%
(5y)
333%
(1y)
47%
(3mo)

Narrow AI refers to artificial intelligence systems designed to perform specific tasks with high proficiency, in contrast to general AI. ...

Ada AI

1,000 vol/mo
2831%
(5y)
718%
(1y)
36%
(3mo)

Ada AI refers to the use of artificial intelligence under the brand or concept name Ada, commonly associated with AI powered health sympt...

AI Strategy

1,600 vol/mo
2660%
(5y)
894%
(1y)
37%
(3mo)

AI Strategy is a and established trend where organizations formalize plans, governance, and investment in artificial intelligence to alig...

AI Links

320 vol/mo
2635%
(5y)
607%
(1y)
32%
(3mo)

AI Links refers to a family of tools and platforms that manage, generate, or embed links within AI assisted workflows, including AI assis...

Native AI

1,600 vol/mo
2622%
(5y)
473%
(1y)
40%
(3mo)

Native AI is the trend of running artificial intelligence workloads directly on devices or within the native software stack, enabling on ...

Crew AI

8,100 vol/mo
2605%
(5y)
322%
(1y)
47%
(3mo)

Crew AI refers to the use of coordinated teams of autonomous AI agents (a ‘crew’) that collaborate to perform complex tasks across bu...

Muah AI

33,100 vol/mo
2536%
(5y)
-60%
(1y)
55%
(3mo)

Muah AI is a AI companion / AI girlfriend platform offering multi modal chat, customizable characters, and simulated romantic interaction...

2509%
(5y)
677%
(1y)
65%
(3mo)

AI surveillance refers to the use of artificial intelligence powered technologies, such as facial recognition, object detection, and beha...

Craft AI

390 vol/mo
2495%
(5y)
361%
(1y)
20%
(3mo)

Craft AI is a set of initiatives and products where AI is embedded directly into craft or craft related workflows, spanning specialized A...

AI Laptop

1,600 vol/mo
2485%
(5y)
507%
(1y)
8%
(3mo)

AI Laptop refers to laptops enhanced with artificial intelligence capabilities, on device AI accelerators, and software optimizations to ...

Cal AI

18,100 vol/mo
2449%
(5y)
300%
(1y)
50%
(3mo)

Cal AI is a calorie tracking app that uses AI to estimate calories from food photos; it gained notable traction in 2025–2026 and was re...

AI Tools

40,500 vol/mo
2433%
(5y)
590%
(1y)
9%
(3mo)

AI Tools is a broad ecosystem of software, platforms, and services that enable the creation, deployment, optimization, and management of ...

Days AI

6,120,000 vol/mo
2425%
(5y)
715%
(1y)
51%
(3mo)

Days AI is a, recently emerging AI software category focused on agentic AI platforms that build specialized digital teammates for busines...

Dust AI

880 vol/mo
2414%
(5y)
479%
(1y)
53%
(3mo)

Dust AI is a enterprise AI platform category focusing on building and operating custom AI agents that access internal company data and to...

2359%
(5y)
126%
(1y)
-1%
(3mo)

There’s An AI For That is a AI tools directory and newsletter ecosystem that aggregates and curates a wide range of AI tools for variou...

2330%
(5y)
221%
(1y)
76%
(3mo)

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is a approach in AI where a language model is augmented with a retrieval system to fetch relevant do...

AI Privacy

880 vol/mo
2317%
(5y)
669%
(1y)
46%
(3mo)

AI privacy concerns the protection of personal data, consent, and governance in systems using artificial intelligence, including data min...

AI Framework

1,300 vol/mo
2296%
(5y)
623%
(1y)
72%
(3mo)

AI Framework refers to software toolkits and infrastructures used to design, train, and deploy artificial intelligence models. It encompa...

Moises AI

9,900 vol/mo
2288%
(5y)
253%
(1y)
-10%
(3mo)

Moises AI is an AI powered music technology platform focused on audio separation, accompaniment generation, tempo and key detection, and ...

Luma AI

33,100 vol/mo
2271%
(5y)
-33%
(1y)
90%
(3mo)

Luma AI is a company specializing in AI driven 3D capture and rendering using smartphone imagery to create photorealistic 3D models and v...

Always AI

70 vol/mo
2247%
(5y)
240%
(1y)
19%
(3mo)

Always AI is a company offering an on device computer vision platform that enables developers to train, deploy, and manage AI models on e...

Swarm AI

880 vol/mo
2221%
(5y)
423%
(1y)
103%
(3mo)

Swarm AI refers to the application of swarm intelligence principles to artificial intelligence, enabling groups of agents or humans to co...

Offline AI

880 vol/mo
2175%
(5y)
656%
(1y)
39%
(3mo)

Offline AI refers to AI systems and models that run locally on devices or private networks without requiring constant cloud connectivity.

Personal AI

3,600 vol/mo
2142%
(5y)
593%
(1y)
34%
(3mo)

Personal AI refers to AI systems and assistants tailored to individual users, offering personalized interactions, decision support, and a...

Protect AI

2,400 vol/mo
2140%
(5y)
301%
(1y)
13%
(3mo)

Protect AI refers to the focus on securing AI/ML systems across the lifecycle, including model risk, governance, red teaming, runtime pro...

Swim AI

110 vol/mo
2129%
(5y)
533%
(1y)
70%
(3mo)

Swim AI refers to Swim.ai, a time streaming data platform known for SwimOS that enables edge to cloud analytics and low latency data proc...

AI Automation

9,900 vol/mo
2118%
(5y)
1152%
(1y)
33%
(3mo)

AI Automation refers to the integration of artificial intelligence with automated systems to perform complex tasks with minimal human int...

2098%
(5y)
263%
(1y)
69%
(3mo)

Synthetic Data Generation is a and established field focusing on creating artificial data that mirrors real world data distributions for ...

Monica AI

12,100 vol/mo
2063%
(5y)
189%
(1y)
49%
(3mo)

Monica AI is a autonomous AI assistant/browser extension stack developed by Butterfly Effect, integrating multiple AI models to act as an...

Rigetti Computing

33,100 vol/mo
2054%
(5y)
53%
(1y)
-44%
(3mo)

Rigetti Computing is a company developing quantum computing hardware and software, including superconducting qubits and a quantum cloud p...

AI Notetaker

2,900 vol/mo
2034%
(5y)
113%
(1y)
-5%
(3mo)

AI Notetaker refers to AI powered tools and platforms that automatically transcribe, summarize, organize, and search spoken or written co...

Apollo AI

9,900 vol/mo
1989%
(5y)
448%
(1y)
53%
(3mo)

Apollo AI refers to several real entities combining AI with products or services under the 'Apollo' brand, including AI assisted sales pl...

Booth AI

210 vol/mo
1950%
(5y)
636%
(1y)
74%
(3mo)

Booth AI refers to a family of AI powered photo/interactive booth products and services that automate, enhance, or generate visual conten...

Slang AI

1,000 vol/mo
1927%
(5y)
501%
(1y)
45%
(3mo)

Slang AI refers to the growing use and study of AI generated or AI influenced slang and vernacular in digital communication, including ne...